Biology · FRQ Trainer

A beetle population varies from light to dark. A researcher introduces a bird predator that hunts by sight on dark bark. Over 20 generations, allele frequencies for the color gene (D = dark, dominant; d = light, recessive) are tracked. (a) Predict how the frequency of D will change and explain the mechanism of natural selection. (b) In generation 1 the recessive light phenotype has frequency 0.16. Assuming Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, calculate the D and d allele frequencies and the frequency of heterozygotes. (c) Describe ONE Hardy–Weinberg condition being violated and justify.