19th-Century Perspectives and Political Developments unit test
A test on this unit alone, marked as a percentage and a letter grade — for the test your class is actually sitting, rather than for May. Answer everything, then submit once: seeing the answer to question 3 before attempting question 4 makes the final percentage meaningless.
Darwin and Social Darwinism
Kulturkampf
June Days (1848)
Positivism
Conservatism
Dreyfus Affair
Liberalism in the nineteenth century
Second International (1889)
Realpolitik
Blood and iron
Revisionism
Second Reform Act and the widening franchise
Short answer 1. Define or explain: Nationalism
3 ptsShort answer 2. Define or explain: Romanticism in politics
3 ptsShort answer 3. Define or explain: Realism
3 ptsShort answer 4. Define or explain: Anti-Semitism in the late nineteenth century
3 ptsFree response
3 ptsSHORT-ANSWER QUESTION. Read the description of the source. Source — Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species, 1859. Darwin, an English naturalist writing after two decades of work following the Beagle voyage, argues that more individuals are born than can survive, that individuals vary, that some variations are advantageous in the struggle for existence, and that those variations are inherited — so that over long periods natural selection produces new species without any directing intelligence. He notes the analogy with the deliberate selection practiced by animal breeders, and closes by observing that light will be thrown on the origin of humanity and its history.
A. Briefly describe one way the argument in the source challenged existing European beliefs.
B. Briefly explain one way the ideas in the source were applied to social or political questions in the late nineteenth century.
C. Briefly explain one other intellectual or cultural development in Europe between 1850 and 1914 that challenged established authority.