The Practice of Freedom unit test

Red Summer (1919)

Black church as institution

Zora Neale Hurston

Wilmington coup (1898)

GI Bill's unequal administration

Emmett Till (1955)

Blockbusting and contract selling

Disenfranchisement mechanisms

Fannie Lou Hamer and the MFDP (1964)

Great Migration: scale and causes

Harlem Renaissance debates

Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955–1956)

DOCUMENT-BASED QUESTION (7 points). Explain the extent to which the objectives of the New Negro movement were achieved. The five sources, summarized: Source 1 — Alain Locke, African American scholar, "Enter the New Negro," 1925: Locke announces a new phase of Black life powered by self-respect and self-dependence — migrant masses leaping generations of experience as they move to cities, and the "Young Negro" transformed in poetry, art, education, and outlook. He declares the day of the servile stereotypes over and demands the Negro be seen through fresh eyes, with old fictions scrapped for "a realistic facing of facts." Source 2 — Marcus Garvey, founder of the UNIA, "The Principles of the Universal Negro Improvement Association," speech, 1922: Garvey proclaims a new line of thought — uniting the 400 million people of African descent worldwide to build a civilization of their own, looking toward political freedom in Africa. He distinguishes the UNIA from other organizations: it seeks independent government, while others seek to make the Negro "a secondary part of existing governments." Source 3 — Carter G. Woodson, educator and scholar, "Negro History Week," 1926: Woodson catalogs the achievements that, properly taught, would crown the Negro "a factor in early human progress and a maker of modern civilization" — labor sustaining the American economy, the era's most popular music, an ancient African civilization contemporaneous with the Mediterranean's, and the teaching of ironworking to the world — and asks whether this generation must remain ignorant of these facts. Source 4 — U.S. Census Bureau chart (1935) of Black urban and rural populations, 1910–1930: African Americans in cities rose from 2.68 million (27.3% urban) in 1910 to 3.56 million (34.0%) in 1920 and 5.19 million (43.7%) in 1930 — documenting the Great Migration's urbanization of Black America while the white urban share rose from 48.2% to 57.7%. Source 5 — Publicity photograph of the cast of Cabin in the Sky, 1943: the ensemble of the all-Black Hollywood musical (with stars such as Ethel Waters, Lena Horne, and Eddie "Rochester" Anderson) — evidence of Black performers commanding a major-studio production, within an industry that still confined them largely to musicals and stereotyped roles. In your response: state a defensible thesis; describe broader historical or disciplinary context; support an argument using at least three sources; use at least one additional piece of specific evidence beyond the sources; for at least two sources explain how perspective, purpose, context, or audience is relevant; and reference or cite the sources you use.