Global Conflict unit test

Holocaust

Trench warfare

Security Council veto

Conditions enabling mass atrocity

Fear of communism as an enabler

Atomic bombings

Raphael Lemkin

Causes of the Second World War

Legal appointment, not coup

Motives for appeasement

Fascism versus communism

Collectivization and the Holodomor

DOCUMENT-BASED QUESTION. Evaluate the extent to which military conflicts in the twentieth century changed the role of women in society. The seven documents, summarized: Document 1 — Yuan Luanyu, Chinese villager, 1960 oral-history interview about the Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901): the villager recalls "Miss Han," a young woman fighter of the Shining Red Lanterns (women who joined the Boxer Rebellion), reputed to have magic powers, who rode into the village leading her own followers, commanded thousands of Big Knife Society fighters, organized food for the poor during a drought, and confiscated church property — and who was later beaten to death by her father and brother for disobediently leaving the household. Document 2 — Lady Frances Balfour, British women's rights activist, article in a 1915 collection published in India supporting the British war effort: she praises Indian women's wartime contributions — sewing shirts, sending gifts, Bombay women collecting some 250,000 rupees for the War Fund, Bengali women donating their jewelry (also their savings) — as a mark of extraordinary devotion to the Empire. Document 3 — Strike committee of Russian women textile workers who produced soldiers' uniforms, proclamation addressed to Russian soldiers, 1915: with their fathers, sons, and husbands taken to the war, the women appeal to soldiers for protection, saying police guards shot at them for striking over pay while they are tired and hungry, and asking the soldiers to defend and help them since no male relatives remain. Document 4 — Cover illustration of the French newspaper Le Petit Journal, Paris, November 1916, titled "The Parisian Woman Worker — Before the War / During the War": the same woman is shown working in a flower shop before the war and in a munitions factory during it. Document 5 — Margarita Robles de Mendoza, Mexican women's rights activist, book The Evolution of the Mexican Woman, 1931: she argues feminism does not pull women from the home but proves better women make better mothers, and holds up the soldadera — the women who followed and shared soldiers' lives in Mexico's conflicts — as the ideal of Mexican feminism, showing that equal rights make men's and women's responsibilities and participation equivalent. Document 6 — Muthoni Kirima, Kenyan Mau Mau veteran, 2019 interview: she recalls joining the fighters in the forest with her husband at the forefront of the 1952–1960 uprising against British rule, argues that women — delivering messages and food, then fighting — made victory possible though their role is always overlooked, and notes bitterly that the promised rewards never came after independence. Document 7 — Anonymous Soviet woman, interview published in 1990 about serving as an army nurse in the Soviet-Afghan War (1979–1989): she describes learning to hate rather than think, improvising sterilized thread and reused bandages amid shortages, the nurses' fear of becoming a "lost and unwanted generation," and coming home with health destroyed — a heart attack before her daughter's birth — while no one accepted that the war caused it. In your response you should: state a historically defensible thesis; describe broader historical context; support an argument using at least four documents; use at least one additional piece of specific evidence beyond the documents; for at least two documents explain how point of view, purpose, situation, or audience is relevant; and demonstrate complex understanding.